Using a series of very technical tests, scientists from the French research facility CEA have determined that the Earth's core is roughly 6,000 degrees Celsius. That is approximately 1,000 degrees hotter than the temperature obtained by tests in the 1990s.
These new figures show that the center of the Earth is just as hot as the surface of the sun.
The experiment that supplied the new temperature used X-rays to probe tiny samples of iron at extraordinary pressures to examine how the iron crystals form and melt. The BBC reported that "To replicate the enormous pressures at the core boundary - more than a million times the pressure at sea level - they used a device called a diamond anvil cell - essentially a tiny sample held between the points of two precision-machined synthetic diamonds.
Once the team's iron samples were subjected to the high pressures and high temperatures using a laser, the scientists used X-ray beams to carry out "diffraction" - bouncing X-rays off of the nuclei of the iron atoms and watching how the pattern changed as the iron changed from solid to liquid."

“Algorithms are as biased as the humans who designed or commissioned them with a certain intention. We should therefore spark an open debate about the goals of software systems with social impact.” — Ralph Müller-Eiselt
Biased algorithms are everywhere, so at a critical moment in the evolution of machine...

“The pressures in systems in the North is to compete to ensure more and more learners are succeeding in acquiring higher order learning skills as articulated in cross-national tests like PISA, PIRLS and TIMSS.” — Brahm Fleisch
The North-South or Rich-Poor Divide is the socio-economic and political division...


One of the first things I talk about in my written expression class is the importance of using verbs to show action. We usually begin with describing what a...

It's time to enhance descriptive writing with visual art. Try this K3 lesson:
Materials you need would be small pictures of animals/ people, places or things, colored pencil/crayons, white paper, construction paper, lined paper or worksheet, pencil, glue and scissors.
...It is imperative that children learn to take notes and organize their thoughts and facts before, during, and after their reading and writing. You may choose to use some of these organizers and planners the way they are presented.
Perhaps you can add some artistic expression as well. Just cut, glue and embellish! You will undoubtedly be amazed by the presentation when we allow children to transpose their graphics into visual writing. The skills and objectives will be learned with...
When you’re in the classroom, are you really there? When a student asks you a question, are you really listening? When collaborating with other teachers on lesson plans, are you truly present?
Of course, you say. I’m in the classroom; I’m with the student; I’m at the meeting. But what I am referring are your mental energies, your awareness, your attention. In this age of technological distraction, it’s so easy to get side-tracked, to lose focus. And with...
Center time has just started in Miss Shipley’s Kindergarten classroom. The environment is bright, engaging, and buzzing with curiosity and “play”. Children are choosing what dress-up clothes to put on, building towers as high as they can, and listening to stories that build on the curriculum they are learning that week. Miss Shipley and a volunteer/teacher’s aide are getting a round table and horseshoe table...


R.L. 2.1- Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text.
We always begin the year with asking questions (who, what, where, when, why and how?) and I start with a tactile experience. This ELA standard has been a foundational standard for my...