Using a series of very technical tests, scientists from the French research facility CEA have determined that the Earth's core is roughly 6,000 degrees Celsius. That is approximately 1,000 degrees hotter than the temperature obtained by tests in the 1990s.
These new figures show that the center of the Earth is just as hot as the surface of the sun.
The experiment that supplied the new temperature used X-rays to probe tiny samples of iron at extraordinary pressures to examine how the iron crystals form and melt. The BBC reported that "To replicate the enormous pressures at the core boundary - more than a million times the pressure at sea level - they used a device called a diamond anvil cell - essentially a tiny sample held between the points of two precision-machined synthetic diamonds.
Once the team's iron samples were subjected to the high pressures and high temperatures using a laser, the scientists used X-ray beams to carry out "diffraction" - bouncing X-rays off of the nuclei of the iron atoms and watching how the pattern changed as the iron changed from solid to liquid."
With schools slowly returning to normalcy, it is more important than ever to have the administrative team visible to students, teachers and parents.
As we get ready to head in to summer, I know you are thinking about taking a break! You should be. But, as a teacher, I know my brain was always thinking, “what is something new I will try next year”? I am going to break down STEAM and STEM learning this summer in a several part series, to make it easier to try to organize and decide what YOU want...
The COVID pandemic caused k-12 teachers and higher education faculty to suddenly shift to using more technology, to teach virtually and remotely, to keep learning going in new ways. Educators were pushed out of their comfort zones, having to quickly learn new knowledge and skills.
For instance, some k-12 teachers were required to use course management systems such as Canvas—tools traditionally reserved for the college-level- to organize online work, grade assignments, and communicate...
Principals can help shift the focus from teaching to learning if they insist that certain critical questions be considered and principals are in a key position to pose those questions. How can we continue to reduce student misbehavior and increase time on task? Is the redirect process working? What do we want our students to know and be able to do? Teachers are not teaching if students are not learning.
The focus of high performing schools are not on are you teaching but what are the...
As teachers, we want to share ideas with families on how to engage with their children at home in a meaningful way. During the 2020 pandemic we were all made to stay home (eat, shop, clean, do chores etc). Everything was done with a small group that usually included your family. Hopefully families worked together on cleaning the house, gardening, planting flowers etc. Life skills are something that no one can take from you. They are also something you are going to use your entire life....