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Voices of Resistance: Teaching Kids about Native American Activists and Advocates Throughout History

Native American activists and advocates are an often overlooked yet vital part of American history. These individuals have fought tirelessly for the rights and sovereignty of their people, to preserve their culture, land, and identity. Teaching kids about these voices of resistance encourages a deeper appreciation for Native American heritage and the ongoing struggles for justice and equality.

 Why Teach About Native American Activists?

  1. Correcting Historical Misconceptions

  2. Inspiring Advocacy and Empathy

  3. Cultural Awareness and Respect 

Many history curricula gloss over the complex and often tragic history of Native Americans post-contact. Highlighting activists helps correct misconceptions and provides a fuller picture of American history. Learning about these activists can inspire students to advocate for justice and understand the importance of standing up for marginalized communities. This knowledge fosters respect for diverse cultures and the contributions of Native Americans to society.

Popular Native American Activists to Cover

Tecumseh (Shawnee, 1768-1813)

Tecumseh was a leader of the Shawnee who sought to unite various tribes against American expansion into Native lands. His efforts to form a confederation to resist encroachment made him a symbol of Native resistance.

Teaching Tip: Use primary sources such as Tecumseh’s speeches to discuss the impact of American expansion on Native communities and the concept of unity among tribes.

Zitkala-Ša (Yankton Sioux, 1876-1938)

Also known as Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, Zitkala-Ša was an author, educator, and political activist. She co-founded the National Council of American Indians and fought for Native American rights, including citizenship and cultural preservation.

Teaching Tip: Assign readings from Zitkala-Ša’s autobiographical works. Discuss her efforts to balance Native traditions with the pressures of assimilation.

Vine Deloria Jr. (Standing Rock Sioux, 1933-2005)

Deloria was a prominent scholar and activist who authored influential books such as "Custer Died for Your Sins," which challenged stereotypes and advocated for Native rights.

Teaching Tip: Explore excerpts from Deloria’s writings. Engage students in discussions about how his work changed perceptions of Native Americans and influenced policy.

Wilma Mankiller (Cherokee, 1945-2010)

The first female Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation, Mankiller worked to improve healthcare, education, and governance for her people.

Teaching Tip: Use documentaries or biographical texts about Mankiller’s life. Discuss the challenges and achievements of her leadership and what it means to break gender barriers in Native American leadership.

Leonard Peltier (Ojibwe/Dakota, b. 1944)

A member of the American Indian Movement (AIM), Peltier became a symbol of Native American struggles against government oppression after being imprisoned for his alleged involvement in a confrontation at Pine Ridge Reservation.

Teaching Tip: Present the controversial aspects of Peltier’s case. Hold a debate on issues of justice, legal fairness, and the role of activism.

 Classroom Activities and Projects

  1. Presentation Projects: Assign students to research a Native American activist and present their findings to the class. Encourage creative formats such as multimedia presentations, posters, or role-playing interviews.

  2. Primary Source Analysis: Use letters, speeches, and articles written by or about Native American activists. Have students analyze these documents to understand the activists’ goals, methods, and impacts.

  3. Timeline Creation: Create a class timeline of Native American activism, highlighting key figures and events. This visual aid helps students see the continuity and evolution of the movement.

  4. Comparative Studies: Compare the struggles and achievements of Native American activists with those of other civil rights movements. Discuss similarities and differences in their methods and outcomes.

  5. Field Trips and Guest Speakers: If possible, organize field trips to local Native American cultural centers or historical sites. Invite Native American speakers to share their experiences and perspectives.

Resources for Teachers

Books:

Documentaries:

  • Reel Injun explores Native American representation in film

  • The Canary Effect examines the effects of United States policies on Native Americans

Online Resources:

Bringing Native American Stories to Life

Teaching kids about Native American activists and advocates is more than a history lesson. It’s an important step towards a more inclusive and accurate understanding of American history. By highlighting these voices of resistance, educators can inspire empathy, respect, and a commitment to justice in their students. Through engaging activities, primary source analysis, and creative projects, teachers can bring these powerful stories to life, ensuring that the legacies of Native American activists are remembered and honored.

Written by Rachel Jones
Education World Contributor
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