Phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension -- the five key components in teaching reading* -- provide a great foundation, but how do we move students from learning those skills to becoming engaged, thinking readers?
We immerse them in the experience by reading aloud. According to international literacy expert, former teacher, and best selling author Mem Fox, "If every parent and every adult caring for a child read aloud a minimum of three stories a day to the children in their lives, we could probably wipe out illiteracy within one generation."
A REFRESHER COURSE
Reading aloud, however, has become a lost art in many of today's busy classrooms. The following refresher course, therefore, is designed to help all teachers put that powerful tool back to work in preK-12 classrooms:
Read aloud for at least 15-20 minutes a day, at the same time(s) each day.
Choose mornings/homeroom, after lunch, or just before dismissal. If you can't
commit 15 minutes at a time, try three five-minute blasts.
Present the read aloud as an enjoyable experience, not as a "learning opportunity."
A goal with read alouds is to show students the application of what they're
learning -- an end result they can relate to, that's fun! No one remembers favorite
worksheets; we remember favorite books. Students need to see reading as a way
to find information, a way to learn how to do something new, or just as an activity
to enjoy. Your challenge is to change how students view reading by sharing the
most delicious stories and information you can find for your mix of students.
(Try Who is It?, by Sally Grindley, or the front page of your local newspaper).
Choose materials of interest to your students and think outside the box.
Read up to two grade levels above your student's reading level. (Listening vocabulary
is higher.) Bring two or three books and let students choose which to hear first;
stories like The Boy Who Saved Baseball, by John H. Ritter or Charlotte's
Web, by E.B. White, for example. Connect books to content learning -- but
don't tell students you're doing it! For example, The Scarecrow's Hat,
by Ken Brown, is a great example of sequencing as well as an introduction to animals.
If students are learning about the eye in science or people with disabilities
in health, share the lives of Helen Keller and Ray Charles, two people who moved
beyond their blindness to contribute mightily to our world.
Join the Discussion
Do you have a favorite read-aloud book or technique to recommend? Click here
to go to the Education World Language Arts message board and share your thoughts.
Introduce new vocabulary in at least one daily read-aloud session.
Choose one word from the text, and only take a minute or two. Begin by saying:
"Today, students, we are going to play a game." (That always gets their attention!)
"When I write the word of the day on the chalkboard, if you know the meaning of
the word, put one hand over your mouth and raise the other hand." (That technique
prevents students from blurting out the answer, allows the teacher to select who
will participate, and interjects an extra element of fun).
If you get no response, try asking, "Do you know the meaning of any part of the
word?" (letters, suffixes, prefixes, roots...)
"Can you tell the word's meaning from its use in the sentence?" (context clues.)
"What do you think the word means?" (predicting)
Watch a few hands go up. Through this exercise, you have modeled meaningful comprehension
strategies and shown students the context in which to use those strategies. Remember
to reinforce the lesson by pointing out the word of the day when you next encounter
it in the text.
Make it your aim to turn reading from a chore into an adventure. The
cardinal sin of reading aloud is to have no interruptions and little expression.
That is not how good readers approach text. Stop to interject questions
or comments, such as "I wonder what will happen next?," "I think that's a clue!,"
or "That reminds me of . . .." (Share a personal connection to the text.)
Sparingly allow student to do the same, but keep the story moving -- especially
if you are working with a limited amount of time.
Close the read-aloud session at a cliffhanger moment. Use such natural
breaks as pages or chapters, but always stop at a suspenseful moment or at a moment
of uncertainty. Leave them begging for more!
For information about getting parents involved in the read-aloud experience at home, check out trelease-on-reading.com, a Web site from read-aloud guru Jim Trelease, or Reading is Fundamental.
* The National Reading Panel: Reports of the Subgroups, (2000). Teaching Children To Read: An evidenced-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. Washington, D.C.
About the Author
Known as the "Literacy Ambassador," Cathy Puett Miller has a library science degree from Florida State University. Her writing appears in such print publications as Atlanta Our Kids, Omaha Family, and Georgia Journal of Reading, and online at Literacy Connections,Parenthood.com,Education World,Family Network, and BabyZone. Click to read a complete bio.
Known as the "Literacy Ambassador," Cathy Puett Miller has a library science degree from Florida State University. Her writing appears in such print publications as Atlanta Our Kids, Omaha Family, and Georgia Journal of Reading, and online at 
