The student in grades 5-12 should understand
- the biological and cultural processes
that gave rise to the earliest human communities
- the processes that led to the emergence
of agricultural societies around the world
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NSS-WH.5-12.2 ERA 2: EARLY CIVILIZATIONS AND THE EMERGENCE OF PASTORAL PEOPLES, 4000-1000 BCE
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The student in grades 5-12 should understand
- the major characteristics of civilization
and how civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus valley.
- how agrarian societies spread and new states emerged in the third and second millennia BCE.
- the political, social, and cultural consequences of population movements and militarization in Eurasia in the second millennium BCE.
- major trends in Eurasia and Africa from 4000 to 1000 BCE.
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NSS-WH.5-12.3 ERA 3: CLASSICAL TRADITIONS, MAJOR RELIGIONS, AND GIANT EMPIRES, 1000 BCE-300 BCE
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The student in grades 5-12 should understand
- innovation and change from 1000-600 BCE: horses, ships, iron, and monotheistic faith.
- the emergence of Aegean civilization
and how interrelations developed among peoples of the eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia, 600-200 BCE.
- how major religions and large-scale empires arose in the Mediterranean basin, China, and India, 500 BCE-300 CE.
- the development of early agrarian civilizations in Mesoamerica.
- major global trends from 1000 BCE-300 CE.
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NSS-WH.5-12.4 ERA 4: EXPANDING ZONES OF EXCHANGE AND ENCOUNTER, 300-1000 CE
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The student in grades 5-12 should understand
- imperial crises and their aftermath,
300-700 CE.
- causes and consequences of the rise of Islamic civilization in the 7th-10th centuries.
- major developments in East Asia in the era of the Tang dynasty, 600-900 CE.
- the search for political, social, and cultural redefinition in Europe, 500-1000 CE.
- the development of agricultural societies and new states in tropical Africa and Oceania.
- the rise of centers of civilization in Mesoamerica and Andean South America in the first millennium CE.
- major global trends from 300-1000 CE.
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NSS-WH.5-12.5 ERA 5: INTENSIFIED HEMISPHERIC INTERACTIONS, 1000-1500 CE
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The student in grades 5-12 should understand
- the maturing of an interregional system
of communication, trade, and cultural exchange in an era of Chinese economic power and Islamic expansion.
- the redefining of European society and culture, 1000-1300 CE.
- the rise of the Mongol empire and its consequences for Eurasian peoples, 1200-1350.
- the growth of states, towns, and trade in Sub-Saharan Africa between the 11th and 15th centuries.
- patterns of crisis and recovery in Afro-Eurasia, 1300-1450.
- the expansion of states and civilizations in the Americas, 1000-1500.
- major global trends from 1000-1500 CE.
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NSS-WH.5-12.6 ERA 6: THE EMERGENCE OF THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE, 1450-1770
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The student in grades 5-12 should understand
- how the transoceanic interlinking of
all major regions of the world from 1450 to 1600 led to global transformations.
- how European society experienced political, economic, and cultural transformations in an age of global intercommunication, 1450-1750.
- how large territorial empires dominated much of Eurasia between the 16th and 18th centuries.
- economic, political, and cultural interrelations among peoples of Africa, Europe, and the Americas,1500-1750.
- transformations in Asian societies in the era of European expansion.
- major global trends from 1450 to 1770.
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The student in grades 5-12 should understand
- the causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
- the causes and consequences of the agricultural and industrial revolutions, 1700-1850.
- the transformation of Eurasian societies in an era of global trade and rising European power, 1750-1850.
- patterns of nationalism, state-building, and social reform in Europe and the Americas, 1830-1914.
- patterns of global change in the era of Western military and economic domination, 1850-1914.
- major global trends from 1750 to 1914.
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NSS-WH.5-12.8 ERA 8: A HALF-CENTURY OF CRISIS AND ACHIEVEMENT, 1900-1945
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The student in grades 5-12 should understand
- reform, revolution, and social change in the world economy of the early century.
- the causes and global consequences of World War I.
- the search for peace and stability in the 1920s and 1930s.
- the causes and global consequences of World War II.
- major global trends from 1900 to the end of World War II.
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NSS-WH.5-12.9 ERA 9: THE 20TH CENTURY SINCE 1945: PROMISES AND PARADOXES
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The student in grades 5-12 should understand
- how post-World War II reconstruction occurred, new international power relations took shape, and colonial empires broke up.
- the search for community, stability, and peace in an interdependent world.
- major global trends since World War II.
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